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    陈克对于马克思理论里头关于人类社会发展阶段划分是持怀疑态度的。与很多持同样怀疑态度的青年一样,陈克认为奴隶制度、封建制度、资本主义制度,这么一个人类发展的阶段并不合适中国。中国的大规模存在奴隶制度的时代也不过是夏商周,即便是那个时代,奴隶阶层也从来不是一个独立的阶层。人身隶属关系在中国可以说是远流长,但是奴隶制度从来不是社会主导。夏商周是以“士人”“国人”“野人”为主要政治权力等级的划分。而到了春秋战国时代,这种划分也就仅仅是表面意义上的事情了。百里奚先是在虞国当大夫,虞国被晋国灭掉,他又在晋国当了奴隶,最后在秦国当了大夫,被称为“五羖大夫”。因为百里奚从晋国跑去楚国,秦王用了五张黑羊皮赎回了百里奚。
    如果上层如此,还能当个特例。宋国有一次打了败仗,将军带着败兵回国都,修城的类似奴隶身份的那些人居然唱着歌嘲笑这群败军之将。中国历史中,身份上有奴隶,但是马克思说的那种奴隶制度,在中国并未存在过。[]
    至于封建制度,中国真正的分封制度,是夏商周时代。秦始皇统一之后,分封在中国历史中从来不是一个常态。而且分封制度之后都是一次次的削藩。大一统的中央集权制度才是中国的传统。而这种制度马克思根本没有描述过。
    陈克原本是这样认为的,马克思一个欧洲白皮,对中国没有深刻的理解这才是常态,而且马克思时代,欧洲工业国正是鼎盛时期,陈克其实很怀疑马克思自己可能没有觉察到觉,在马克思的潜意识里头也是认为白人挺优越的。但是没有调查就没有发言权,1906年马克思已经死了,恩格斯也死了。如果写信向马克思的家人询问,也挺不礼貌的。而且陈克自认为是毛爷爷的信徒,也是孔子和荀子的后世学习者,即便马克思真的认为白人挺优越,陈克也只是要使用马克思的思想,并没有要鞭尸的意思。
    不过真的对满清时代进行了调查之后,陈克觉得以前遇到的一种说法未必没有道理。中国的官僚制度,某种意义上可以认为是官僚体系本身的封建。县令被称为“百里侯”,可也不是什么陈克创造的新名词。至少在清末的时代,官僚体系大概是一种封建收税体系。所以类似欧洲封建制度的城堡据点制度,就颇有点封建的味道了。
    不过这都是陈克本人的胡思乱想时候的想法,想推翻马克思的某一部分的理论构建并不是陈克现在准备着手的工作,等革命胜利了,大可从容进行。迫在眉睫的事情是军事斗争,陈克在军委会议上对军事斗争的论述很简单,“农村包围城市。”基于师承毛爷爷的理论,针对满清的据点政治特点,人民党放手在农村发动革命,部队主力对满清的各个据点进行毁灭性的打击。
    毛爷爷的时代,地主组织的民团一直是最顽固的敌人。不过所谓民团是需要敌人正规军配合的,如果没有敌人正规军的配合,民团面对革命部队的正规军同样不堪一击。既然是民团,领头的都是地主。把这批人从肉体上消灭之后,农村也就没有什么实质性的敌人了。
    人民党
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