第1827章 秋雨秋风言论急(四)
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朱载坖很清楚,要是太祖皇帝所制定的成法真的这么完美的话,大明的盐政也是不至于到了如今的这个地步了。其实大家都很清楚,盐政之所以到了如今这个地步,大明盐政在制度设计上的不合理也是重要的原因之一。
张居正就认为,盐政衙门的权力过大,过于集中,也是造成现在盐政糜烂的重要原因,大明除了在地方设立都转运盐使坚城盐运使司作为管理盐政的衙门,还有巡盐御史作为监察专差,在户部下设总理盐政衙门,负责整个大明的盐政事务,但是对于盐政来说,运司的权力过大。
而且现在运司之权又全部被巡盐御史所夺,张居正说道:“陛下,夫两淮当南北之冲,盐课甲于天下,在仕途目之为冷局,而世俗视之为利薮,是以科目有志之士,升转得此视为浼,已而求去唯恐不速。”
原本按照大明定例,运司的权力是很大的,按大明会典所载运司的执掌为:“运使之职掌,摄两淮盐策之政令,率僚属八十有一人,以办其职务:给引符,俵商盐,督程课,杜私贩,听讼狱,会计盈缩,平准贸易,明其出入,以修其储贡,亭民阽于水旱、流亡则赈恤之,俾无失业。凡兴革之事,由于所属者,咸质正于运使。运使乃议于同知,参于副使,白于御史,而后宣布于治境焉。”
可以说运司对于盐政是全面的管理了,除打击私盐、征收盐税等职能之外,对于盐商而言,包括盐引核发和食盐配给等;对于灶户而言,包括组织生产、荒政赈济、治安司法等。权力十分之集中,本来运司就已经权重了,朝廷后来还派出巡盐御史,使得盐政权力更加集中,朝廷原本的意图是加强对于盐政的监督,防止盐政出现弊端,但是在实际操作过程当中,巡盐御史完全凌驾于运司之上,盐务事权非常专一,大事小情巡盐御史一言以断之。
这样的结果就是运司地位下降,这点吏部尚书杨巍也赞成,他说道:“陛下,运司虽三品之官,然不如藩臬二司远矣,今之仕,秩卑而众欲为者有之矣,科道是也;秩高而众不欲为者有之矣,运司是也。秩高则曷为其不欲为也?财利之场,权势蟠据,动则关格,且飞言丑语,易为污蔑,积蠧宿尤非一人一日所能扫刷。官虽尊,而无临莅之分,则令或不行,且一居是官,虽有善政,当道者不复訾省。众之不欲为,以是哉?”
运司积弊多端,牵涉多方利益,特别是盐运使品秩虽高,但权力有限,纵有善政,亦难以升迁。而且在士大夫们的眼中,盐运官员被视为腥膻之薮,士大夫们认为盐政官员尤为污浊之甚,一些官员为了自己的官声或者名节,宁可辞官都不去运司任职,在大明朝已经成为一种常态了,即所谓自好者不乐居,大明的这些官员本就特别好名,他们认为:“鹾之敛散纾急由其掌握,而商人奔走之故,不为所动者鲜矣。”
他们认为一任运司则名节不保,所以宁可不当官都不愿去运司任职,朱载坖笑着问道:“恐怕事情没有这么简单吧。”朱载坖很清楚大明官员的尿性,大明官员们一向是既要又要的,运司虽然名声不好,但是可是有实际利益的职务,大明的这些官员不
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