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第1074章 政治(四)
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第1074章 政治(四)

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    第1074章政治(四)(第1/2页)
    “一如此豆选之制,民众在实践过程中,发现问题、思考对策、共同商议,每解决一个问题,民众对还政于民之理解便深一分,对权利之认识便进一步,譬如学步稚子,初时蹒跚,渐次稳健,还政于民实践亦是如此,初行时容有不足,然在实践中日臻完善。”
    “谢公总以此番北伐失利为例,倡导所谓‘民智不足’之论,然则‘民智’是什么一成不变的东西吗?显然不是的,红营豆选之制从初时之粗糙发展至今,已经完全证明了,群众百姓是会在教训之中总结经验、是会自我成长的,此番北伐失利,确有群情汹汹裹挟鼓噪之故,但群众百姓难道就完全不会从中吸取教训?”
    “还政于民的实践,本身就是最好的政治学堂,让民众在行使权利中学会如何行使权利,在参与治理中明白如何治理,百姓在选举中学会权衡利益,代表在议政中学会协商妥协,群众在监督中学会权利义务统一,红营的‘还政于民’,正是基于这一基础,除了这豆选之制,红营的新法定规,亦是明证!”
    “谢公也该知晓,红营每有新法新规,皆予事先公式,普通百姓,无论是士林名家,还是贩夫走卒,皆可就草案向红营提出征询和意见,不知谢公有没有关注过,自红营入江南以来,新设一百零三条新法,皆公开征询展示,江宁城民提出三千七百一十二条建议,其中共有三百七十七条被采纳补充入新法之中或为新法修改之依据。”
    黄宗羲语气渐转锐利,仿佛一把锋锐的手术刀,在解剖着谢文洊话语中的谬误:“谢公所谓‘民智不足’之论,乃将文化程度等同政治能力,某以为,此见未免失之偏颇,政治之核心在于利益表达与权力制衡,非关知识多寡。”
    “一个农夫或许不识字,但他清楚地知道谁能为村里修好道路,谁能公平分配灌溉用水,这种基于切身利益的政治判断,往往比空谈圣贤之道更为实在。红营行豆选制,便从来就没有因个人知识水平的高低,而对选民有差异之分,豆票涂色以区分候选之人,便是为方便文盲投选的举措之一,此足以证明百姓参政之障碍,并不受学识所限,完全可以靠制度创新予以解决。”
    “再者,谢公指责百姓短视、愚昧,然则百姓群众是天生就短视愚昧的吗?显然不是!实际上,许多百姓于生活之中磨砺出来得经验,比我们这些名家大儒从书本之中得来的知识,反倒更加的接近于真理,因此红营才提倡‘社会实践是检验真理的唯一标准’,才告诫我们这些名家大儒,不能死读书,一定要走进群众百姓之中,和他们一起去实践。”
    “百姓的短视愚昧,其实根源于两条,其一在于信息获取不足,其二便是知识水平不足以撑起对复杂现实的深入分析和总结,所以,红营要办报纸、搞戏班,要搞政务公开公示、要公开征询展示问政于民,这便是给予百姓群众充足的信息。”
    (本章未完,请点击下一页继续阅读)第1074章政治(四)(第2/2页)
    “所以红营就要办学堂、搞扫盲运动,要筹办起这场文会盛典明辨各路思潮,这便是要培养起百姓群众的知识水平和思辨能力。”
    黄宗羲又迈前一步,声音更加的清朗:“谢公所言还政于民必至纷争,在某看来,民主以至纷争,恰恰是因为没有做到真正的‘还政于民’,不引导民众思想觉醒、不给予民众充足的义务教育,不给予充分的信息,政务事务皆闭门自决,上层门阀掌权世袭、底层教育崩塌、以愚民为先,甚至于刻意以学识高低划分门槛,只给百姓群众塞一张选票就完事,靠着百姓的选票登台之后就翻脸不认人,选前承诺尽数食言,只为自家谋利。”
    “这样的‘民主’,又怎能算是‘还政于民’呢?无非是拿着一张选票当作伪装而已,可老百姓又不是傻子,他们参政议政,是真的要‘当家作主’的,结果除了得到一张选票之外,一切都照旧,生活反倒更加困苦,他们又怎么可能不去抗争和抵制?”
    “百姓群众谋求自己本应有的利益,却缺乏引导和思想上的觉醒,只能盲目的抗争,上层又不愿意真正的‘还政于民’,不仅不对百姓群众进行引导和教育,反倒刻意造成底层的撕裂和互害,如此情况下,又怎么可能不纷争不止呢?”
    黄宗羲转过身来,又看向了谢文洊:“谢公所言立君主纲常能定分止争,而还政于民必至大乱,某的看法,却完全相反,所有之纷乱,恰恰是因为没有真正的还政于民,以少数人,乃至于一家一姓,夺天下之权、占尽天下之利,百姓群众又岂能任人盘剥?必然奋起而争利,此方为乱象之源也!”
    “谢公所提倡立君主竖纲常,倡导所谓君明臣贤,本质上依旧是以少数人凌驾于大多数人之上,是让少数人夺天下之权、占天下之利,还是以我之大私为天下之大公那一套,是纵容天下之大害而损天下万民之大利!既然如此,万民又如何不争、天下又怎会不乱?”
    黄宗羲一拂袖,声音高了几分,语气更是激昂:“某以为,还政于民之实践本身就是最好的民智之启蒙,让民众在参政中学习参政,在行使权利中理解权利,此方为开启民智之正途,若因民智未开而拒绝还政于民,则民智永无开启之日矣。”
    “好比红营之豆选,看似粗浅,然其中蕴含之民主精髓,已在这些实践中深深植入民心,制度日臻完善,则民智愈开,民智愈开,则新制愈发趋完善,二者相得益彰,共同进步,才有一日能达到最完美之和谐!”
    “国家者,保障万民之权力、谋益万民之幸福也!治世之道,当为天下兴利、为天下除害,万民百姓知其公利何在、维护其公利之所得,此天经地义也!设君置臣,以一家一姓夺天下之权、取天下之利,此即天下之大害,自然必为天下之人除之!”
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