0961大明的农民与西夏的牧人
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风沙还未停止,但刮到盐州地界已经很弱,对生活在这里的人畜基本无影响。
如果盐州没有被坚壁清野,更北方的草原牧民们,还会在酋长的组织下扒沙。
即把那些被风吹到草场的沙子,尽可能用牲畜驮回沙漠边沿,就算杯水车薪但还是会这样做。
“扒沙”行动在清朝规模最大,毕竟是中央集权的统一政府,且毛乌素沙漠周边当时已繁衍出很多人口。清朝地方官把当地农牧民组织起来,一次又一次把沙堆往回推,但一次又一次被大风吹过来。
如果朱国祥派人推广草方格,本地农牧民是非常愿意执行的。他们不求把沙漠变成草地,只求沙漠不要继续吞噬草场!
一旦草方格被证明有效,估计牧民们能把朱院长当圣人供奉。
奴勿吉就是盐州北部的牧民,他这名字意为“有大慧根的人”,一看就是请和尚帮忙给取的。如果翻译为汉名,则写作“慧茂”。
西夏人的姓名,有一套专门译法:姓为音译,名为意译。
奴勿吉的位置比较靠前,低声喊道:“阿哥,走慢点,当心埋伏!”
“阿哥”是从汉族借来的词汇,党项话其实应该喊“浪”(兄或弟互称都是“浪”,兄弟合称则是“明姑”,姐妹称呼兄弟则是“没”)。
从盐州到龙州、银州,这里的党项人受汉族影响颇大,就连日常称呼家人都向汉族靠拢。
哥哥名叫僧鸠,也是和尚帮忙取的,翻译成汉名则为智海。
僧鸠回头催促:“快点!”
奴勿吉小心翻过一块夯土,随时准备着逃跑,他不愿陪着李察哥送命。
兄弟俩都是牧人,那么拼命干嘛?
这里的民族矛盾,远远不如阶级矛盾深厚。
西夏的统治阶级为:贵族、牧主、田主、僧侣。
被统治阶级依次为:工匠、耕牧人(农民和牧民)、奴隶。
随着时代发展和兼并加剧,西夏的各个部落,酋长之下又细分出牧主、田主。
有的人,既是牧主,又是田主。
而牧人和农夫,相当于他们的佃户,奴隶是他们的私有财产。
并且产生了牧场和农地交易。
受连年的战争影响,在繁重兵役的压迫下,所有人打仗都疯狂抢劫。
西夏建国的中前期,许多牧人和农夫,依靠抢劫也能变成牧主、田主。因此,从上到下打仗就跟疯了一样,在抢战利品的时候甚至经常内讧。
渐渐的就不行了,底层就算抢到财货,也会被中高层给夺走,西夏早就已经阶级固化。
底层百姓,越来越厌恶打仗,因为只有坏处、没有好处。
什么坏处?
抽丁打仗会耽误放牧和种地,所有损失都得底层百姓承受。
像奴勿吉这样的底层牧人,恨皇帝、恨官员、恨贵族、恨酋长、恨牧主,当然也恨大明君臣和将士。
他的心里充满了怨恨,他只想安安稳稳在草场放牧——即便放牧的收益,大部分都归牧主所有,但至少自己还能活下去。
“砰砰砰砰!”
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